Handayani, Yunita Sri and Winarno, Rachmad Djati and Sulastri, Augustina (2022) General Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence Factors in Women’s Leadership Ability in Facing Crisis: A Literature Review. In: International Conference on Current Advancement in Psychology (ICCAP) 2022 – Psychology for Sustainable Recovery in the Life after the Pandemic, 2022.

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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the exceptional leadership of female government leaders during a global crisis. Yet, women continue to face significant barriers to achieving leadership positions, often due to discriminatory stereotypes. One persistent stigma is the belief that women possess lower general intelligence compared to men. Additionally, women are frequently perceived as emotionally unstable, lacking the emotional intelligence necessary for effective leadership. These biases, which favor men, contribute to their greater trust as leaders. The paper aimed to critically examine the validity of these gender-based stereotypes regarding general and emotional intelligence in leadership. A systematic literature review was conducted, utilizing keywords such as "general intelligence," "emotional intelligence," and "women leadership" within a timeframe of 2012 to 2022. Databases including DOAJ, JSTOR, MDPI, Springer, APA, and Taylor & Francis were searched for relevant studies. Research findings consistently indicate no significant gender differences in general intelligence. Furthermore, variations in amygdala function, a brain region associated with emotional intelligence, were not attributed to gender but rather to age. This study underscores the leadership potential of women and challenges the discriminatory stereotypes that have historically hindered their advancement.

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