Suwarno, Djoko and Widianarko, Budi (2014) Fast Increases in urban sewage inputs to rivers of Indonesia. Ketika Nilai-Nilai Luhur Soegijapranata Diabaikan Dalam Pembangunan.

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Abstract

We present estimates for nitrogen (N) and phosporus (P) sewage inputs to 19 Indonesian rivers for 1970-2050. Future trends are based on the four scenarios of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Our results indicate a rapid increase in N and P pollution from sewage over time. In 1970, N and P inputs to rivers were low because not many households were connected to sewage system discharging to rivers. Sewage connection is increasing over time. As a results, N and P inputs to rivers increase. We calculate the between 2000 and 2050 the N and P inputs increase with a factor of 17-40, depending on the scenario. Important determinants of future N and P sewage inputs are population, economic growth, urbanization, sewage system development and wastewater treatment. Our calculations are based on an improved model for N and P inputs to rivers, indicating that previous estimates underestimated these inputs considerably.

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